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Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa of Scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Medial rotation of humerus
Nerve: Upper and lower subscapular nerve (Cervical 5, 6)
Palpate: Difficult to palpate. Lean trunk forward with arm hanging down and shoulder relaxed. Palpate muscle belly in axilla anterior to the latissimus dorsi during active medial rotation of the humerus.
Subscapularis assists in various shoulder actions, depending on the position of the humerus. Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, terse minor from the “rotator cuff” to guard the glenohumeral joint. Subscapularis inserts on the lesser tubercle and the other 3 (“SIT” muscles) insert on the greater tubercle.
